Subordinating Conjunctions:
Subordinating conjunctions connect dependent clauses to independent clauses, signaling relationships like time, cause, contrast, or condition (e.g., because, although, if, when, until, since). They initiate complex sentences, enabling the dependent clause to precede or follow the independent clause.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions List
- Cause/Effect: Because, since, as, now that, in order that, so that
- Time: After, before, when, whenever, while, until, till, once, since, as long as, as soon as, by the time
- Contrast/Concession: Although, even though, though, whereas, while, rather than
- Condition: If, unless, even if, provided that, in case
- Place/Manner: Where, wherever, how
- Comparison: Than, as much as
Appositives:
Appositives are a second noun or phrase/clause equivalent to a noun that is placed beside another noun to explain it more fully.
Examples of Appositives (Bolded):
- Mid-sentence: "My teacher, Mrs. Green, is a tough grader".
- With description: "My brother's car, a sporty red convertible with bucket seats, is the envy of my friends".
- At the end: "They stopped selling my favorite snack, the cookie cat".
- At the beginning: "A bold innovator, Wassily Kandinsky is known for his colorful abstract paintings".
- Restrictive (no commas): "My friend John enjoys playing the guitar" (identifies which friend).
