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Test: Friday Dec. 6
Text book chapters: 4, 5 and 6. (major topics: volcanism, tsunamis, earthquakes, plate tectonics & the rock cycle)
Review two charts you filled out (lab and
Volcanism vocab:
volcanologist hot spot Shield volcano Composite Volcano
Cinder Cone Magma Lava Lahar
Pyroclastic flow Nuee Ardente Ring of Fire Caldera volcano
Strato volcano Geothermal Energy Tephra
Questions to consider:
Volcanism
- What is volcanism, and how does it relate to plate tectonics?
- Describe the three main types of volcanoes (shield, composite, and cinder cone) and provide an example of each.
- Explain the difference between lava and magma.
- What is a hot spot? Provide an example of a volcanic island chain formed by a hot spot.
- Compare volcanic activity at divergent boundaries (e.g., mid-ocean ridges) and convergent boundaries (e.g., subduction zones).
- Define a pyroclastic flow and explain why it is one of the most dangerous aspects of volcanic eruptions.
- How do viscosity and silica content affect the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?
- Describe how volcanic eruptions can affect the global climate.
Plate Tectonics vocab:
subduction Fault line Convergent Divergent
Rift valley Oceanic Crust Continental Crust Fold Mountains
Ocean ridge Marianna Trench Transform Pangea
Lithosphere Crust Mantle Core
Plate Tectonics Questions:
Summarize the theory of plate tectonics and describe the evidence supporting it (e.g., fossils, sea-floor spreading, magnetic striping).
Explain the three types of plate boundaries (divergent, convergent, and transform) and the features associated with each (e.g., rift valleys, mountain ranges, faults).
Describe the role of mantle convection in driving plate movements.
How does subduction lead to the formation of trenches and volcanic arcs?
What is the difference between continental drift (proposed by Wegener) and the theory of plate tectonics?
Explain why earthquakes and volcanoes are commonly found along plate boundaries.
Describe how the movement of the Pacific Plate has influenced the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.
What is the role of transform boundaries in causing earthquakes? Provide an example of a well-known transform fault.
Earthquakes Vocab:
Richter scale Mercalli scale seismograph S-waves
P-waves Convection currents epicentre focus
Earthquake questions:
Define an earthquake and explain how stress and strain in the Earth's crust lead to faulting.
Differentiate between the focus (hypocenter) and the epicenter of an earthquake.
What are the differences between P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves in terms of motion and speed?
What is the Richter Scale, and how does it differ from the Mercalli scale?
Explain how earthquakes are related to plate tectonics, particularly at transform and convergent boundaries.
What are the primary hazards associated with earthquakes?
Provide an example of a significant historical earthquake, its causes, and its impacts.
Rock Cycle Vocab:
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rock. Plutonic Intrusive
Volcanic Extrusive Biogenic, Clastic & Chemical Sedimentary Rock
The Rock Cycle Questions:
Define the rock cycle and explain how it connects the three main rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
How are igneous rocks formed? Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.
Describe the processes that lead to the formation of sedimentary rocks, including weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
How do metamorphic rocks form, and what role do heat and pressure play in this process?
What is the role of plate tectonics in the rock cycle, particularly in the creation of igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Explain the difference between mechanical weathering and chemical weathering, and how these processes contribute to the formation of sedimentary rocks.
How does the rock cycle demonstrate the concept of Earth as a dynamic system?
Tsunami Vocab:
Four phases: generation, propagation, shoaling, and inundation.
trough, crest
Questions to consider:
What causes a tsunami, and how is it related to tectonic activity?
Describe the process of tsunami formation, from the triggering event to the impact on coastal areas.
Explain how energy is transferred through water and why tsunamis are different from regular ocean waves.
What are some strategies used to mitigate the impact of tsunamis on coastal communities?
Overall questions:
How are volcanism, plate tectonics, and earthquakes interconnected? Use specific examples to explain.
Describe how the rock cycle is influenced by tectonic activity (e.g., subduction zones, mountain building).
Analyze how a volcanic eruption could impact the surrounding rock cycle and contribute to the creation of new landforms.
Imagine you are an urban planner in an earthquake-prone area. What measures would you recommend to reduce risks to people and infrastructure?
Discuss the importance of monitoring tectonic and volcanic activity in regions prone to earthquakes and eruptions. How does this knowledge benefit society?
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